Improvement in turning - lathes for wood



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AMPHDTO'LITHO. C0. N.Y. (DSBURN E'S PROCESS) i ATENT rtree,

LIVERAS HULL, OF CHARLESTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS:

Specification forming part of Letters Patent N0. 53,003,1lated March 6, 1866.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LIVERAs HULL, of Charlestown, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Machine for Dressing Whip Handles or Stock or other Articles of Like Nature 5 and I do hereby declare thc same to be fully described in the following specification and represented in the accompanying drawings, of whichyFigure l denotes a top View, Fig. 2 a front elevation, Fig. 8 a rear elevation, Fig. 4L a lngitudinal section, and Fig. 5 a transverse section, of it.

The object of my invention is to reduce a whip-stock to a desirable form or taper lengthwise, and at the same time to impart to such a circular form in section.

The machine containing the said invention consists, principally, as follows: First, machinery for holding the blank or whip-stock, revolving it transversely, and moving it lengthwise between its cutters; second, two cylindrical burrs or cutters and mechanism for revolving them; third, a pattern or guide-rail and other mechanism, whereby such burrs or cutters while being revolved are either moved toward or apart from one another, as circumstances may require, in order to enable them to produce a diametric variation of the whipstock that may be required; fourth, a mechanism for moving the two cutters vertically relatively to one another while they may. be in revolution; fifth, mechanism for supporting the whip-stock near to the cutters.

In this machine the whip-stock is held at its two ends by suitable devices carried by two mandrels arranged with their axes in one straight line. These mandrels are provided with mechanism for synchronously revolving them. Furthermore, one of them is furnished with a straining-screw or means by which it may be moved either toward or away from the other, in order not only to adapt the two sets of holding-jaws ofthe two mandrels to aproper distance apart for reception of a whip-stock, but to enable one mandrel, after the whipi stock may have been grasped by the jaws of the two, to be so moved or drawn away from .i Y*the other as to strain the whip-stock more or less in longitudinal direction. With the said devices two cylindrical burr-s or cutters are em'- ployed, one being arranged so as to be on one and the other on the other side of the axis of the whip-stock, when such stock is supported by the jaws of the mandrels. The arrangement of these bu'rrs is such as to cause the strain produced by each of them on the whipstock durngits reduction to be in the direction of its length. When these cutters or burrs are revolved in opposite directions the strain of one on the whip-stock will be nearly or quite counterbalanced by the strain of the other thereon. Thus it will be seen that by this machinea whip-stock may be dressed to a very 'which supports the fulcra of a set of jaw-levers, i t', between whose tails there is arranged a cone, 7c, which, by being screwed on a screw, l, formed on the mandrel, serves when revolved to so actuate the jaw-levers as to enable a person to close them upon the whip-stock when inserted between the jaws. These sets of jawlevers thus serve to hold a whip-stock at its two extremities in order that it maybe revolved by the mandrels having a synchronous movement. For revolving the mandrels there are two gears, m m, each of which engages with one of the gears fg, and is arranged between two posts, n, a, which project upward from the carriage B'and closely against the gears m; Along shaft, o, extends through both the gears, m m, and has with them a featherconnection-that is, a projection from each gear extends into a long grooved formed lengthwise in the shaft--the same being in order that the gear may be moved on the shaft and with and by the carriage B, and at the same time be revolved by such shaft, which may be revolved by manual power applied to a crank, g, or by a belt running around apulley, r, fixed on-the shaft.

The puppet c is supported on slide-rails projecting'from the carriage B'by a screw, a5,

which should be so applied to it and the carriage as to enable the puppet, by the revolution of such screw, to be moved in a direction either toward or away from the other puppet, the same being for the purpose not only of adjusting` the two sets of jaws at a proper 'distance asunder to receive a whip-stock, but of straining the whip-stock lengthwise, as may be required.

The carriage B is moved longitudinally by a belt, s, which is attached to it and plays around two wheels, tt', carried by transverse shafts u fv. By revolving the shaft u by a crank, c', affixed to it, the carriage B may be moved in either direction longitudinally.

The next part of my machine to be described is the cylindrical cutters or burrs and the mechanism for revolving them. These burrs are represented at C C, each of them being a cylinder having its circumference rendered rough, like the surface of a iile, or so as to cut or grind away the whip-stock when between them, and they are against it and in revolni tion. These cutters or burrs are supported on and by two upright shafts, w w, that are sustained by two carriages, or, in other words, by two sliding frames, D D, supported, with two other frames, E E, on cross-bars x a: .fr a: of y the frame A, such bars being arranged as shown in Fig. 4. A pulley, a2, is fixed on each shaft u. An endless band, b2, extending` around the said pulley, and one of two pulleys, o2 c2, iixed on a driving-shaft, d2, arranged as shown in the drawings, serves to put the burr or cutter C of such shaft w in revolution. Thus we have described the burrs or cutters and the machinery for revolving them.

The next part ot' the machine is the pattern or guide-rail and other mechanism, whereby the burrs or cutters C C, while bein g revolved, are either moved toward or apart from one another, as and for the purpose as herein specified.

Each of the auxiliary frames E E has a screw, y, extending across it and through the frame D, arranged within "it, there being nuts z z on the screw and on opposite ,sides of the frame D. The said screw and nuts are for the purpose of adjusting the frame D within its frame E, and so as to vary the position of the cutter or burr C relatively to the axis of the whip-stock.

To each of the frames E one end of one of two connecting-rods, a a', is jointed, the opposite ends of such rods beingjointed to the shorter arms of a tri-armed levgr, b', whose fulcrum is an upright shaft, c', arranged and supported in bearings d d', as shown in Figs.-

1, 2, and 5. Each of the said connecting-rods a is so made as to enable it to be lengthened or shortened-that is to say, it is formed in two parts, e f which are connected together by a sleeve or long nut, g', which revolves on one and has the other of such parts screwed into it.

A bent lever, h', having the shaft c for its fulcrum, has a boltnlf, by which it may be connected to or disconnected from the tri-armed lever b. 'This lever It' clasps a pattern or curved bar, k', which is arranged within and projects out of a long box, Z', making part of the carriage B. Sundry screws m m', Ste., go through the sides of the said box and screw into the rpattern-bar 7c and have screw-nuts o and cutters G C will be moved either toward or away from each other. Thus by means of the pattern or guide-bar lc the depth of penetration of each of the burrs into the whip-stock from time to time will be regulated. By disconnecting the two levers b and h the first of them may be moved by hand so as to open the cutters sufficiently apart preparatory to the application of a whip-stock to the jaw-ley vers.

The next portion of the machine is the mechanism for moving the two cutters vertically relatively to one another while they may bein revolution, the object of this motion of the cutters being to prevent them from becoming clogged by the material removed from the stock by them. I have found by experience that unless they are movable np and down while revolving they are liable to become so clogged asnot to perform their office to good advantage, especially when reducing whalebone or various other kinds of material.

i Each shaft of the cutters C C rests on one of two cams, r r', carried by a horizontal crossshaft, s', having a beveled gear, t', on one end of it. (See Figs. 3 and 5.) A beveled pinion,

a', fixed to the lower end of a vertical shaft, Jv', engages with the gear t. A worm-gear,

w', on the upper end of the shaft c', engages with a worm or screw, m', on the shaft o', here inbefore described. While the shaft o may be in revolution the cams r fr will be put in `revolution and will raise and lower the cut* has an angular opening, a3, extending throughl it, the vertices of the angles of the two openings being arranged in opposite directions.

`'lhe two plates slide through twosupportingstandards, b3 c3, and there is a spring, cl,'conn 'nected to each plate and one of the standards,

the same being so as to draw on the plates in such manner as f to cause the vertices' of'.

the angular openings to approach each other. The two plates are jointed at their front ends to a lever, e3. A spring-catch, f3, when hold of the lever, serves to increase the opening through the two plates to its maximum and so maintain it, in order to enable a whip-stock to be either drawn out of the opening or inserted through it, as circumstances may require. The opening of the two side plates, created by their two angular openings when lapping on one another, is in line the axis of the mandrels and receives the whip-stock and holds it at four points of its circumference. While the whip-stock may be in the act of being moved along for the purpose of being reduced to shape bythe cutters the two plates y z will accommodate themselves to its varying form and still hold it in its proper position relativelyr to the cutters, and prevent them from moving it laterally out of place.

It has been heretofore stated that by revolving the shaf't u by means of the crank t the carriage B may be moved in either direction longitudinally. There is other mechanism, however, for eecting the forward movement of the said carriage, and which, preparatory to the employment of the crank c, as described, should be thrown out of action on the shaft a.

This mechanism I shall now proceed to describe: On the rear side of the frame A there is an inclined shaft, g3, duly supported iu bearings h3 h3, and arranged as shown in Fig. 3. A bevel-gear, i3, fixed on the lower end ofthe shaft, engages with the gear t', hereinbefore described, and thereby communicates motion to the shaft g3. Another bevel-gear, 7c3, iixed on the inclined shaft, engages with a bevelgear, Z3, carried by a tubular shaft, m3. (See Fig. S, which is a vertical section of the said shaft m3 and the shaft u, with their clutch.)

A clutch, n3, operated by a lever, o3, serves to connect the two shafts u and m3, so that when they are clutched together the rotary motion ofthe tubular shaft-will be communicated to and will revolve the shaft a, and thereby cause the carriage B to be put in motion forward.

A handle, p3, provided with a spring-latch, g3, is jointed to the said clutch-lever o3, and serves to move the lever so as to force the two parts ofthe clutch into engagement. A spring,

' r3, applied to the frame A and the said handle,

serves to throw the two parts ofthe clutch out .of action with each other, when the latch g3 may be withdrawn from the handle.

0n the carriage B having nearly attainedl the extent of its forward motion, a projection, r4, fro n1- the said carriage will be carried against thespring-latch g3, and Will so move it as to unlatch the handle and allow the spring r3 to effect the disengagement of the clutch n3, and thereby arrest the movement of the said carriage B.

In the operation of the above-described machine the whip-stock, after having been fixed between the jaw-levers of the two mandrels, will be moved forward between the two cutters, and by them will be reduced to the proper form or taper lengthwise, and will at the same time be made circular in cross-section.

Having thus described the said machine, what I claim therein as of my invention is as follows that is to say:

l. A combination, consisting` not only of mechanism for revolving the whip-stock and moving it longitudinally, but of two cylindrical burrs or cutters, anda mechanism whereby such burrs or cutters, while being revolved, are moved either toward or apart from one another, as may be required, in order to enable them to produce the necessary diametric variation of the whip-stock from end to end of it, the

said combina-tion, principally or substantially,

consisting` of the carriage B, with its puppets b c, mandrels c d, and their gearsfg, thejawlevers it, the cone k, the screw l, the gears m m, the shaft, 0, with its feather-connection, the belt s, the two wheels tt', and their shafts u c, the bars C C, the pulleys a2 o2, the endless bandl b2, and the shaft d2, the pattern or guiderail kf, the rods a a', and the levers b 7L', the whole being arranged and connected, lso as to operate in manner substantially as explained.

2. The combination of the same, and a mechanism for moving the two burrs or cutters in di-` rection of their axes, in order to prevent the said burrs from becoming clogged by the material removed by them from a whip-stock, such mechanism, as hereinbefore described, consisting of the cams r', shaft s', gears t u, shaft t', worm-gear a', and the screw so', iixcd on the shaft o. 4

3. The combination for supporting the whipstock near the cutters, the same consisting of the two plates y z', provided with angular openings a? a3, and springs d3, and arranged relatively to each other, and supported in manner and so as to operate substantially as described.

4. rlhe adjustable or movable pattern k', its box l', and the adjustingscrews and nuts thereof, combined or arranged together in manner substantially as described.

5. The combination of the two frames D E,

provided with the screw y and nuts z z, and

constituting each of the cutter carriages, as set forth.

6. The combination of the contractile connecting-rods a a, with the cutter carriages or frames D E D E, and the levers b and h', arranged and applied in manner and so as to operate with the pattern k', substantially as specified.

7. The combination of the two rotary mandrels c d, and mechanism to rotate them synchronously, as described, with one or more burrs or cutters, C G, so arranged that when in revolution against an article held to and revolved bythe mandrels such burr orburrs shall such mandrels being provided with mechan cut into the article in a direction lengthwise, ism for synchronously rotating` them, as derather than crosswise, of it. scribed.

8. The combination ofthe screw a5 or strain 1; LIVERAS HULL. in g mechanism, with the two rotary mandrels Witnesses:

c d, their jaws, and one or more cutters or H. E. FISHER, burrs, C C, arranged substantially as specied, F. P. HALE, J r. f .ji 

